This cohort study aimed to investigate the association between 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine use and pneumonia hospitalization in older adults. Using claims data from US Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 or older, the study assessed the incidence rate ratio and vaccine effectiveness of PCV13 against pneumonia, non healthcare associated pneumonia, and lobar pneumonia hospitalizations. Comparisons were made with previous trials, indicating consistency with reported efficacy against community-acquired pneumonia. The study cohort included a substantial proportion of adults with underlying conditions, making it more representative of the US population. Limitations included potential coding changes and misclassification of vaccination status. Overall, the findings support the effectiveness of PCV13 against pneumonia hospitalizations in older adults, suggesting potential benefits in reducing disease burden, particularly with the broader coverage offered by newer vaccines like PCV15 and PCV20.

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